The invention relates to a mine airflow diversion drainage and water curtain adsorption hydrogen sulfide processing device and method which are characterized in that air curtains are arranged behind a coal mining machine behind a coal mining face and in an air return way; a plurality of water curtain adsorption nets are arranged at the end head, provided with the air curtain, in the air return way; an alkali liquor spray nozzle unit is fixedly arranged on each water curtain adsorption net; each alkali liquor spray nozzle unit is sequentially connected with a liquid injection pump, an alkali liquor storage tank and a liquid injection pipe valve by pipes. In the coal cutting process of the coal mining machine, a great volume of hydrogen sulfide gas overflows, and by the arranged mine airflow diversion drainage and water curtain adsorption hydrogen sulfide processing device and the water curtain adsorption nets with spraying devices and through combining the processing method, transfinite hydrogen sulfide in airflow is neutralized mainly in a diversion drainage and water curtain adsorption mode, so that the hydrogen sulfide gas is effectively and automatically controlled and guaranteed not to exceed the limit.