The invention relates to a shaft digging and laying construction method for arranging shaft sinking equipment for an internal shaft at multiple points. A mode of single horizontal arrangement in past shaft sinking measure engineering is changed; by fully utilizing existing engineering, a new thought of arranging the shaft sinking equipment for the internal shaft at multiple points within a range of vertical space is realized, and a signal of a shaft hanging scaffold, a signal of -600 m wellhead and operation equipment signals of -575 m gangue dumping platform and a -555 m mixing station and a -537 m winch are performed consistently and synchronously; and the shaft digging and laying construction method is feasible in theory and hoisting safety requirement.