The embodiment of the invention discloses a self-adaptive control method and device of the left channel and the right channel of an earphone. The method comprises the following steps: a terminal receiving a control signal sent by a target earphone, wherein the target earphone comprises a loudspeaker and at least two pressure sensors, and the control signal is produced when a pressure sensor of the target earphone detects a wearing position of the target earphone; the terminal judging the wearing position of the target earphone based on the control signal; the terminal detecting whether a first channel circuit of the terminal connected with the target earphone is matched with the wearing position of the target earphone; if the first channel circuit is not matched with the wearing position, switching the channel circuit of the terminal connected with the target earphone to the second channel circuit from the first channel circuit. The embodiment of the invention further discloses a corresponding device. Through the adoption of the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, a user is unnecessary to distinguish the left channel and the right channel before wearing the earphone, the acquired sound signals of the left channel and the right channel are always correct no matter how to wear the earphone, and the hearing effect of the user is promoted.