The invention relates to a monitoring system and method for a tunnel roof separation simulation experiment. The monitoring system comprises embedded conduits, wherein the embedded conduits include the embedded conduit I and the embedded conduit II, a separation monitoring base point I is installed at the top end of the embedded conduit I, the separation monitoring base point I is connected with one end of a small-gauge wire I, and the other end of the small-gauge wire I is led to the outside of a bottom orifice of the embedded conduit I to be connected with a separation displacement sensing, monitoring, recording and displaying component arranged on the side edge of an analog simulation experiment table through a guiding pulley block I fixed to a right angle-type high-strength beam support; a separation monitoring base point II is installed at the top end of the embedded conduit II, the separation monitoring base point II is connected with one end of a small-gauge wire II, and the other end of the small-gauge wire II is led to the outside of a bottom orifice of the embedded conduit II to be connected with the separation displacement sensing, monitoring, recording and displaying component arranged on the side edge of the analog simulation experiment table through a guiding pulley block II fixed to the right angle-type high-strength beam support. The system and method are used for roof separation monitoring.