The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine component compatibility optimizing method based on uniform design and an artificial neural network. The method comprises the following steps that 1, different compatibility groups are set by applying a uniform experimental design method; 2, a model adopted in efficacy evaluation is built; 3, different proportion-efficacy relation models are built by applying the artificial neural network, and the optimal proportion and the optimal efficacy are acquired through network searching. The traditional Chinese medicine component compatibility optimizing method based on the uniform design and the artificial neural network is reasonable in process design and high in operability and can be used for optimizing traditional Chinese medicine component compatibility; compared with a traditional method, the optimizing efficiency can be significantly improved, the optimizing cost can be reduced, and the advantages of being rapid to operate, accurate, good in repeatability and the like are achieved.