The invention relates to a rare earth doping oxyfluoride glass ceramic optical fiber. Quartz glass is used as a sleeve; a rare earth dopping oxyfluoride glass material is used as a fiber core material; the illumination efficiency of rare earth ions is improved; in addition, quartz glass is used as a covering layer material; the secondary growth of micro-nano crystals in a fiber core in the glass ceramic drawing process can be avoided. The invention also relates to a manufacturing method of the rare earth doping oxyfluoride glass ceramic optical fiber. In the heat treatment process, the difference of the heat performances of the optical fiber sleeve material and the fire core material is great; during the heat treatment at the fiber core material crystal separation temperature, crystals are not separated out from the sleeve material, so that the gain characteristics of the rare earth ions in the fiber core is improved by the micro crystals separated out from the fiber core material; the crystals are not separated out from the sleeve material, the loss increase of the passing rate due to crystal separation cannot occur; further, the optical signal transmission efficiency of the designed glass ceramic optical fiber is effectively improved.