The invention discloses a whole-process processing system for producing ethanol by utilizing straws. The whole-process processing system comprises a forming system, a 60 Co-gamma irradiation system, a straw crushing system, an electron beam irradiation system, an enzymatic hydrolysis fermentation system, an ethanol distillation system and a molecular sieve adsorption system, of which the input ends and the output ends are connected in sequence. The whole-process processing system disclosed by the invention has the benefits that due to more lane corners in an electron beam irradiation chamber, once one corner is increased, one-time electron beam backscattering can be increased, and finally, the dose rate level at an exit is obviously reduced, and no additional cost is increased in the design, therefore, the whole-process processing system is an economical and effective radiation shielding model; the enzymatic hydrolysis fermentation system is a decentralizing, coupling and paralleling system for preparing the ethanol by adopting biotransformation and releases the feedback suppression of a product in the processes of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation; meanwhile, both the enzymatic hydrolysis and the fermentation are formed under the optimal conditions, so that the enzymatic hydrolysis sugar yield and the fermented ethanol yield are improved.