The invention provides a central oil fume purification system with a centralized power device. The central oil fume purification system comprises a main pipeline system, multiple branch pipeline systems, multiple user washing solution boxes, a main washing solution box, a main washing solution pump, an oil fume collection tank, an air compressor and an air storage tank, wherein the main pipeline system comprises a washing solution replenishing main pipe, an oil fume discharge main pipe, a civilwork fume discharge duct and a compressed air main pipe; the branch pipeline systems also comprises washing solution replenishing branch pipes, oil fume discharge branch pipes, steel plate fume discharge ducts and compressed air branch pipes. The central oil fume purification system has the beneficial effects that oil fume can be effectively pumped away; no oil fume is accumulated in all equipment and passages for pumping oil fume, and the intensively recovered oil fume can be used for reproducing diesel oil; the oil fume can be discharged after being purified, so that human health is ensured; a washing solution medium is adopted for thoroughly eliminating the fire hazard, the temperature of an oil fume hood is reduced and a relatively comfortable cooking environment is achieved.