The invention relates to the field of comprehensive utilization of vanadium-titanium resources, and discloses a method and device for dechlorinating and decarbonizing solid samples. The solid samples comprise chloride ions and uncombined carbon, the method includes the steps: leading first part of air to enable the solid samples to fluidize; performing further contact for fluidized solid samples and vapor under the condition that the temperature is higher than or equal to 500 DEG C. The temperature of the vapor is higher than or equal to 110 DEG C. The device comprises a fluidized bed (1), an air compressor (2), a vapor generator (3) and a resistance furnace (4), the air compressor (2) and a gas outlet of the vapor generator (3) are respectively connected with a gas inlet of the fluidized bed (1), and the resistance furnace (4) is used for heating the fluidized bed (1). According to the method and the device, chloride ions and uncombined carbon in the solid samples, particularly in extracted titanium tailing slag can be simultaneously removed, and both dechlorinating ratio and decarbonizing ratio are 85% or more.