The invention discloses a method for acquiring stress on two-side groove structures of beds of tunnels of heavy-load railways. The method includes acquiring design parameters of the two-side groove structures of the tunnels of the heavy-load railways; acquiring curve functions of axle weights and transverse loads q1 and q2 on the upper and lower ends of stress sides of the groove structures; acquiring stress on the stress sides of the groove structures. The method has the advantages that the method is implemented by the aid of field test, data acquisition and analysis and mechanical models and is applicable to acquiring the stress on the two-side groove structures of the tunnels of different types of heavy-load railways, and the stress performance of the two-side groove structures of the tunnels of the heavy-load railways can be sufficiently reflected by the method according to relevant specifications; scientific bases can be provided for designing two-side grooves of the tunnels of the heavy-load railways and checking the safety of the two-side grooves by the aid of the method for acquiring the stress on the existing two-side groove structures, and the method is economical, reasonable and efficient as far as possible.