The invention discloses a passive high-temperature heat pipe fast reactor core heat transfer system and method. The system comprises a fast reactor cooling agent pond containing sodium liquid, heat tubes and a steam evaporator. The lower ends of the heat tubes are placed in the sodium liquid of the fast reactor cooling agent pond, and the upper ends of the heat tubes are placed in water of the steam generator. A reactor fuel assembly is placed in the fast reactor cooling agent pond and immersed under the liquid surface of the sodium liquid. A sodium cooling agent and a reactor core fuel assembly are sealed, heat transfer is conducted on the steam evaporator through the heat tubes, the heat tubes can be filled with mercury, lead, bismuth, tin and other alloy which can not chemically react with water easily and serve as working media, the sodium cooling agent cannot transfer heat directly with water, and safety is greatly improved. Mercury serves as the working medium of the heat tubes, and due to the fact that the charging amount of single heat tubes is small, direct security threats are not caused even if the heat tubes leak.