The invention discloses a solid lithium ion-super-capacitor hybrid battery. The battery comprises a lithium ion battery anode, an electrolyte, a lithium/carbon material composite cathode and a shell, wherein the electrolyte consists of a super-capacitor electrolyte and a lithium salt solid electrolyte membrane; the super-capacitor electrolyte is arranged between the lithium ion battery anode and the lithium salt solid electrolyte membrane; or the electrolyte consists of at least two layers of lithium salt solid electrolyte membranes with anionic lithium salts with different radiuses; the lithium salt solid electrolyte membranes are arranged in a gradient manner from one end of the lithium ion battery anode to the lithium/carbon material composite cathode according to the radiuses of the lithium salt anions from small to large; one or more than two layers of lithium salt solid electrolyte membranes close to one end of the lithium/carbon material composite cathode comprise carbon-containing materials. The solid lithium ion-super-capacitor hybrid battery has excellent properties of high specific capacity, high energy density, high power density, rapid power charging and discharging, and the like.