The invention discloses a service layer active changing communication method based on an IPv6 trusted network, and belongs to the technical field of Internet communication. The concept of a path transmission index is introduced, and the performance states of transmission paths are marked. The method includes following contents: 1) before data communication, an association between two communication parties is established, and a plurality of data transmission paths are formed; 2) when data loss occurs, a service layer actively selects data retransmission paths; 3) before data retransmission, the transmission index of each path is calculated; and 4) through comparison and analysis of the path transmission indexes, the optimal retransmission path is selected, and communication data is retransmitted through the optimal retransmission path to complete the communication process. According to the method, the throughput and the communication quality of end-to-end data transmission can be improved.