The present invention provides an optical switching node device based on parallel optical dividers and a wavelength division multiplexer. The optical switching node device comprises a wavelength division multiplexer and N optical dividers, wherein N is not less than 1; the optical dividers are connected with a merging unit to receive and process signals with different wavelengths and then output the signals to the wavelength division multiplexer, a protective device and a measuring and control device. The optical switching node device can greatly reduce the switching node cost on the basis of realizing the multicast function of the sampling value business data; and moreover, the designed node structure can overcome the data competition problem in the current Ethernet switch and cannot generate data block and queuing phenomenon so as to reduce the transmission time delay.