The invention provides an integrated thermal control method of a spatial high-heat consumption transient work single machine. According to the integrated thermal control method of the spatial high-heat consumption transient work single machine, a phase-change energy storage device and a phase-change energy storage material are adopted; the phase-change energy storage device is filled with the phase-change energy storage material; and an integral design is adopted by the phase-change energy storage device and at least one high-heat consumption transient work single machine. By the integrated thermal control method, the heat conduction link between the single machine and the phase-change energy storage device is reduced, so that the problem of heat dissipation of the single machine can be effectively solved; and lightweight designs of the single machine and thermal control measures and an optimal design of the temperature level of the single machine are achieved.