The invention discloses an environment-friendly dust sucking and filtering mechanism for grinding plates. The environment-friendly dust sucking and filtering mechanism comprises a main box and a main frame, wherein the main box is fixed on a top plate of the main frame; a main filtering box is arranged at the lower part of the main frame; a middle partition plate is fixed at the middle part of the main filtering box; a vertical through hole is formed in the middle part of the middle partition plate; air ventilation holes are formed in two side plates of the main filtering box at the upper part of the middle partition plate; a main air ventilation hole is formed in the side wall of the main filtering box at the lower part of the middle partition plate; a waterproof air exhauster is fixed on the outer side wall of the main filtering box; an air sucking opening of the waterproof air exhauster is communicated with the main air ventilation hole; side air outlet holes are formed in the middle parts of a left side plate and a right plate of the main box. Through the environment-friendly dust sucking and filtering mechanism for grinding plates, plates are processed and ground in the main box and are automatically clamped and ground; the side air outlet holes are communicated with side air outlet pipes, so that the dust generated during grinding is sucked into the main filtering box and is filtered, and thus the environment is not influenced, workers do not excessively inhale the dust, and the physical health of the workers is protected.