The invention discloses an extraction and utilization method for pollutants in black printing waste water, comprising the following steps: adding acid to the black plastic printing waste water, stirring the waste water for 10-30min to coagulate the pollutants, and carrying out mud water separation by an air flotation method or precipitation method; adding calcium mineral powder to the separated sludge, and after stirring uniformly, carrying out thermal dehydration on the sludge while stirring the sludge to form sludge blocks; taking out the sludge blocks, thermally pressing the sludge until the water content is below 30% and baking the sludge; heating the baked sludge to 400-700 DEG C under an air-free condition and insulating for 1-5h; cooling the sludge to below 50 DEG C, crushing and granulating the sludge, and uniformly sprinkling a wetting agent solution with mass concentration of 0.05-0.2%; adding sludge particles into cationic dye waste water, aerating and stirring the waste water for 10-60 min, and then precipitating or filtering waste water to remove the sludge particles to obtain almost colorless waste water; and recovering the sludge particles and carrying out heat regeneration at 400-700 DEG C for recycling. The extraction and utilization method for pollutants in black printing waste water realizes extraction of pollutants in the black printing waste water and reclamation and utilization of solid waste, and the decoloring rate of the cationic dye waste water is approximately 100%.