The present invention relates to a high-strength and heat-resistant polylactic acid material for 3D printing, wherein the components comprise, by mass, 100 parts of a L-polylactic acid resin, 1-20 parts of an inorganic filler, 0.01-5 parts of a polycarboxylic acid metal salt, 0.1-5 parts of an amide compound, 0.1-5 parts of a plasticizer, 0.1-1 part of an antioxidant, and 0.1-2 parts of an anti-hydrolyzing agent, wherein the molecular weight of the L-polylactic acid resin is 100000-400000, the anti-hydrolyzing agent is mixing at least one or more than two selected from a Polycarbodiimide compound, a single carbodiimide compound and a compound having an active group epoxy, the inorganic filler is a mixture formed from one or at least two selected from nanometer silica, talc powder, calcium sulfate crystal whisker and mica, and the diameter of the inorganic filler is 0.05-5 [mu]m. According to the present invention, the tensile strength achieves more than or equal to 60 MPa, the bending strength achieves more than or equal to 100 MPa, the Vicat softening temperature is more than or equal to 120 DEGC, the mechanical property and the heat resistance are substantially improved compared with the commonly used PLA, and the practicality and the application range of the PLA supplies are substantially improved.