The invention relates to a suction anchor type overwater piling platform which comprises caisson cylinders, a truss, a guide frame platform and skirt pile grippers. The truss is installed on the tops of the caisson cylinders. The guide frame platform is arranged at the top end of the truss and provided with guide frame platform sliding ways. The guide frame platform sliding ways are provided with the skirt pile grippers which are stretched and retracted along the guide frame platform sliding ways. Exhaust pipes are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the truss. The lower ends of the exhaust pipes are inserted into air outlet holes in the tops of the caisson cylinders. The top ends of the exhaust pipes are connected with stop valves. An overwater pile group foundation piling technology comprises the following steps that the platform is fixed; a piling hammer is hoisted for piling; and the stop valves are opened, the caisson cylinders are filled with gas through the exhaust pipes, high-pressure water jet is adopted in an assisted mode, and therefore the suction anchor type piling guide frame is pulled out of mud. The suction anchor type overwater piling platform has the beneficial effects that complete prefabrication and splicing on land are achieved, marine operation time is shortened, the construction technology of caisson cylinder structure vacuum pumping and negative pressure sinking is sufficiently utilized, the truss can be freely heightened from the standard section, and construction requirements for different water depths are met.