A method for recycling room coal pillars by solid backfilling in coordination with artificial pillars, comprising: conveying a solid material (3) on the ground and a cementing material (4) to a room pillar gob (9) by means of a batching mine (1) and a pipeline (2); casting a plurality of artificial pillars (6) in a coal room region at a certain distance, and performing gangue casting and backfilling on other regions of the coal room by using a gangue casting machine (8); with combined supporting of the plurality of artificial pillars and coal room fillers (7), recycling the coal pillars by using a continuous coal mining machine (10), then casting the artificial pillars in the original coal pillar region after recovering, and performing gangue casting and backfilling on the original coal pillar region by using the gangue casting machine. A system for recycling room coal pillars (5) in coordination with artificial pillars mainly comprises a material transport system, a combined supporting system, and a coal pillar recycling system. By constructing pillar grooves (11), casting artificial pillars, performing gangue casting and backfilling on a gob, and recovering the coal pillars, the recovery rate of coal resources can be increased, and the room coal pillar recovery theories and technologies in China can be enriched while promoting harmonious development of environmental protection and resource exploitation.