The invention provides a construction method for parallel working of tunnel excavation and concrete lining. The novel construction method is used for parallel working of tunnel excavation drilling and blasting and concrete lining under the conditions of a long tunnel, a small tunnel diameter, no construction adit and tight schedules, and specifically, all procedures of lining are completed in a crossed mode with the assistance of a matched moving platform special for the concrete procedures within the time periods of time intervals during circulation of tunnel excavation rail transportation and tunnel excavation deslagging construction. The construction method has the advantages that in tunnel engineering construction, a rail in a tunnel can be effectively utilized for transportation in all the procedures, the engineering construction cost is lowered, and the engineering construction progress is guaranteed.