The invention discloses a resistivity anisotropy recognition method in a horizontal well stratum environment. Firstly, an azimuth natural GR and an azimuth resistivity logging are obtained through logging, and then a stratigraphic dip and a stratigraphic azimuth angle are extracted. Secondly, the instrument azimuthal resistivity logging response value at multiple spacings and different frequencies in a horizontal well are acquired through logging. Through the environmental correction and automatic layering process, a false layer is removed, and standardized logging data and a stratum layering interface are obtained. Thirdly, according to a stratigraphic dip extracting result, the layering interface, an apparent resistivity measured value and adjoining well data, a horizontal well stratum model is constructed. Finally, the stratum model is subjected to back calculation, and then an anisotropy coefficient and a stratum resistivity inversion result are outputted. According to the method, the real resistivity information and the anisotropy coefficient information of the stratum in the horizontal well environment are extracted based on azimuthal resistivity logging data while drilling, so that the existing logging evaluation data of the horizontal well are perfected. During the comprehensive interpretation and evaluation process of the logging data of the horizontal well, the reservoir oil saturation and the like can be accurately calculated based on the stratum real resistivity and the anisotropy coefficient. As a result, the method provides reliable parameters for reservoir evaluation.