The invention discloses a construction management and control system and a method based on an augmented reality safety helmet. In an augmented reality mode, the quality and the efficiency of management and control on each construction project target such as the progress, the quality, the cost and the safety by a construction field management person can be effectively enhanced. The system of the invention comprises a safety helmet for positioning and augmented reality information display and a BIM-based construction information management and control unit. The pose information of a person is acquired through the safety helmet and the information is synchronously positioned to the backstage BIM; according to safety helmet virtual visual range generation and in-range construction object information judgment, various types of construction information such as the progress information, the quality information, the safety information and the cost information of the construction object in the person visual range pushed by the backstage are determined, the information is transmitted to augmented reality glasses of the safety helmet for display, and the field management person performs virtual and reality comparison. The management person thus issues a corresponding construction management and control instruction, and high-efficiency management on the construction field is completed.