The invention discloses a neighbor device discovery method and a neighbor device discovery device, which belong to the technical field of wireless communication. The neighbor device discovery method comprises the steps of acquiring a preamble verification sequence from characters carried by a wireless signal transmitted from a transmitting device, performing first correlation calculation on the basis of the preamble verification sequence and a preset preamble sequence, judging whether the wireless signal carries the preamble sequence, if so, acquiring an identity verification sequence from the characters carried by the wireless signal for performing second correlation calculation, and judging whether the transmitting device is a new neighbor device according to a result, wherein the preamble sequence and an identity sequence of the discovered neighbor device each contains a pseudo-random sequence. The neighbor device discovery method and the neighbor device discovery device realize the high anti-interference capacity by utilizing good correlation of the pseudo-random sequence, so as to achieve the purpose of effectively improving the accuracy of discovering the neighbor device in the wireless communication environment.