The invention discloses a folding arch bridge structure which is composed of a folded truss, a rigid plate bridge deck, a inhaul cable and a beam, wherein the folded truss is composed of two folded truss units, each folded truss unit is formed by the way that a plurality of polar line scissor-like units are connected with one another in the structural span direction, the upper portion of the folded truss is provided with the lower-chord panel points which are formed by the way that the polar line scissor-like units are connected with one another in a hinged mode; the lower portion of the folded truss is provided with the lower-chord panel points which are formed by the way that the polar line scissor-like units are connected with one another in a hinged mode; the rigid plate bridge deck is composed of rigid plate bridge deck board units; each rigid plate bridge deck board unit is composed of six folded rigid plate units and is a rectangle after being unfolded, the four joints outside of each rigid plate bridge deck board unit are connected with the four lower-chord panel points in the rectangular mounting area in a hinged mode. The folded truss is a single-degree-of-freedom system, and reduces the number of actuating devices; the folding arch bridge structure is convenient to move and relocate, can be used repeatedly, and is reasonable in construction, simple in design and construction, and especially suitable for the bridges with medium and small spans.