The invention discloses a relay protection equipment status identification method based on a BP neural network. The status of the relay protection equipment can be in details identified by the identification method, and thus the relay protection equipment is guided to take corresponding protection measures for different defaults; by adopting the identification method, a problem that various operating conditions are difficult to be compatible due to single mode of the relay protection equipment is solved, influence of faults on the equipment is reduced to a great extent, and the equipment is prevented from being seriously damaged.