The invention relates to an intelligent rock drilling device stable and convenient to mount and used for geological exploration. The intelligent rock drilling device comprises a hydraulic tube, a rock drilling mechanism, a drill bit and two supporting units. The hydraulic tube is arranged on the upper portion of the rock drilling mechanism. The drill bit is fixed under the rock drilling mechanism. The supporting units are arranged on the two sides of the rock drilling mechanism. According to the intelligent rock drilling device stable and convenient to mount and used for geological exploration, supporting blocks abut against a rock stratum to enhance the supporting effect so as to prevent vibration of the rock drilling device; fixing connecting rods are used for sharing reacting force applied to supporting connecting rods, and the service life is prolonged; meanwhile, a drive motor is used for drawing the supporting connecting rods and the supporting blocks close to a supporting post, the size of the device is decreased, and transportation is facilitated; and further, regular components are adopted in a constant-current circuit, the production cost is lowered while current output is kept stable, and therefore the market competitiveness of the device is improved.