The invention discloses a method for producing common calcium superphosphate by using phosphate rock tailings, phosphoric acid sludge and ground phosphate rock as raw materials. The method is characterized by fully mixing 1 t of phosphate rock tailings with the P2O5 effective content being 8-8.5% and the solid content being 12-15%, 0.3-0.8 t of phosphoric acid sludge with the P2O5 effective content being 45.0-46.0% and the solid content being 12-15%, and 0.2 t of ground phosphate rock with the P2O5 effective content being 25.0-26.0%, adding 0.4 t of concentrated H2SO4, and carrying out a reaction in a stirring state for 1 h; and adding 0.03-0.08 t of quicklime for neutralizing free acid and transferring the obtained product in a compost depot for curing for 5-7 days to make a qualified common calcium superphosphate phosphate fertilizer product with the P2O5 effective content no less than 14%. The method provides a new way for integrated application of phosphate rock tailings and phosphoric acid sludge. Through addition of quicklime for neutralizing redundant acid, the use ratio of phosphorus is increased at a certain degree.