The invention provides a power transmission and transformation equipment maintenance priority ordering method based on a maintenance risk premium. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring information of power transmission and transformation equipment, collecting and analyzing environment information, system information and equipment information of equipment required in an equipment risk source identification step and an equipment risk evaluation step; identifying a power transmission and transformation equipment risk source, performing identification and classified quantization on uncertain factors and safety hazards in the equipment by means of the information which is acquired in the information acquisition step, establishing an equipment operation stopping model; performing equipment fault result severity evaluation, performing topology analysis and trend calculation on a power grid according to an equipment operation stopping condition and fault probability of each set of operation equipment, simulating a power grid operation scene, and evaluating comprehensive result severity of the power grid after the fault of the equipment; and performing equipment maintenance ordering based on the maintenance risk premium for setting an equipment maintenance priority ordering problem on the condition of limited maintenance resource, and supplying theoretical and technological supports for maintenance arrangement. The power transmission and transformation equipment maintenance priority belongs to the field of power transmission and transformation equipment maintenance.