The invention discloses an ultrasonic calibration method and device, and belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic applications. The ultrasonic calibration method comprises the steps of emitting first ultrasonic waves with predetermined frequency by using an ultrasonic emitter according to predetermined emission intensity when mobile equipment conforms to calibration conditions; receiving second ultrasonic waves reflected by the first ultrasonic waves by using an ultrasonic receiver, and acquiring a frequency response value of the second ultrasonic waves; calculating an absolute value of the difference between the frequency response value of the second ultrasonic waves and a standard frequency response value corresponding to the predetermined frequency; and improving the emission intensity of the ultrasonic emitter for emitting ultrasonic waves when the absolute value is greater than a predetermined different threshold. The ultrasonic calibration method solves a technical problem that mobile equipment cannot automatically calibrate the optimal ultrasonic wave emission intensity adapting to the current environment, and achieves a technical effect that ultrasonic signals with stable intensity can be received in various environments.