The invention discloses a device and method for testing the memory function of primate experimental animals. The device comprises an experimental operation cage, a hard food distributor and an exhausting system. The experimental operation cage comprises an outer case body and an inner case body; the lower part of the front end of the outer case body is provided with an outward protruding body which comprises a fruit piece distributor therein; one side of the outward protruding body is provided with a food slideway which is used for connecting with the hard food distributor; the inner case body is a rectangular solid whose lower part is provided with a waste tank and support pipes and the upper part is exactly corresponding to the inner wall of the outer case body. By means of the device and method of the invention, primate experimental animals have higher adaptability and are not liable to impatience, which helps complete tests and the accuracy of test results is higher.