The invention relates to an epilepsy electroencephalogram signal identification method based on an optimal kernel time-frequency distribution visibility graph, which comprises: acquiring original electroencephalogram data, and calculating adaptive optimal kernel time-frequency distribution of a preprocessed electroencephalogram signal; carrying out classification of epilepsy states; for each obtained time energy sequence, carrying out visualization analysis, obtaining an energy time sequence visibility graph complex network, extracting to obtain feature indexes of the energy time sequence visibility graph complex network, extracting adaptive optimal kernel time-frequency distribution indexes, and classifying the epilepsy electroencephalogram (EEG) signal by combining a support vector machine. According to the epilepsy electroencephalogram signal identification method based on the optimal kernel time-frequency distribution visibility graph, which is disclosed by the invention, the energy time sequence visibility graph complex network is constructed by combining an adaptive optimal kernel time-frequency distribution principle and a visibility graph idea, the indexes of the complex network are extracted, and identification on the epilepsy electroencephalogram signal is implemented.