The invention discloses a horizontal and oblique quenching device and quenching method for an axle and belongs to the technical field of the metal heat treatment process. The horizontal and oblique quenching device for the axle is characterized by comprising a quenching groove, a hoisting frame and a lifting mechanism. The quenching method is performed according to the four steps of heating of the axle, preparing of the quenching groove, transferring of a to-be-quenched axle and quenching. The horizontal and oblique quenching device and quenching method for the axle have the beneficial effects that the conception is novel, the device is simple in structure, the quenching method is simple, by means of an existing car-bottom type furnace, the labor and equipment investment cost is reduced, the work efficiency is improved, potential safety hazards in a high-temperature operation environment are avoided, hot steam in an abdominal cavity of an axle workpiece can be fast discharged during quenching, the abdominal cavity of the axle is cooled in time, and the hardness of the axle reaches the standard after quenching.