The invention provides a device for producing eletrospinning fibers. The device includes an eletrospinning cabinet, a high-voltage power supply, a boost pump, a circular receiving device and a rotation support. The invention provides a method for producing the eletrospinning fibers by using the device. The method includes mixing high polymer and a solvent to acquire a spinning solution; arranging the spinning solution in an injector, and starting the high-voltage power supply, the boost pump and the rotation support to perform spinning; separating a receiving liquid from fiber agglomerates in the circular receiving device to acquire the fiber agglomerates; and freezing the fiber agglomerates, and freeze-drying the fiber agglomerates to acquire the eletrospinning fibers. The device can produce the eletrospinning fibers, the produced eletrospinning fibers have three-dimensional directional fluffy structures, are large in specific surface area, have lots of connection holes inside, and can achieve three-dimensional cultivation of cells in vitro.