The invention provides a soil mass sampling device, a soil mass sampling system and a soil mass sampling method. The soil mass sampling device comprises a frame body and a soil cutting plate, wherein the frame body is provided with an open end; the open end of the frame body is detachably connected with the soil cutting plate; and a containing cavity for accommodating a taken soil sample is defined by the frame body and the soil cutting plate. The soil cutting plate separates the taken soil sample from a soil mass; the frame body is arranged on the taken soil sample in a covered manner; the frame body is detachably connected with the soil cutting plate to achieve acquisition of the taken soil sample; the volume of the taken soil sample can be determined according to practical requirements; in addition, the taken soil sample is free from disturbance and damage; further, the taken soil sample can better simulate the original foundation soil mass in a semi-infinite state, so that normal operation of a centrifuge test of a basic model is guaranteed; the accuracy of a test result is improved; and the soil mass sampling device is simple in structure and easy to operate.