The invention discloses a device for dynamically monitoring the concentration of components in smoke gas in cigarette smoking procedures. The device is characterized by comprising a smoking machine, a two-way valve of the smoking machine, a multi-reflection gas absorption cell, a filter disc, a three-way valve and a cigarette clamp holder; the smoking machine, the two-way valve of the smoking machine, the multi-reflection gas absorption cell, the filter disc, the three-way valve and the cigarette clamp holder are sequentially communicated with one another according to a smoke gas smoking flow direction, an optical fiber collimator, a laser device, a laser current controller and a laser temperature controller are connected with a light ray incidence end of the multi-reflection gas absorption cell, a photoelectric detector is connected with a light ray receiving end of the multi-reflection gas absorption cell, the laser current controller and the laser temperature controller are connected with a computer, the photoelectric detector is connected with the computer by a data acquisition card, and a vacuum pump is connected onto a gas channel between the two-way valve of the smoking machine and the multi-reflection gas absorption cell by a two-way valve. The device has the advantages that shortcomings of long time consumption of pretreatment procedures, tedious detection steps and incapability of accurately reflecting dynamic change of components in smoke gas in the prior art can be overcome by the aid of the device, and the device has important significance on deeply exploring cigarette combustion pyrolysis mechanisms and evaluating the real-time toxicity of the smoke gas.