The invention provides a high-voltage circuit breaker insulation resistance and leakage current intelligent test system and method. The system is characterized in that the system comprises a power supply (1), a low-voltage contactor (2), a self-coupling voltage regulator (3), a test transformer (4), a first protection resistor (5), a high-voltage rectification silicon stack (6), a first filter capacitor (7), a divider resistor (8), a voltage measurement resistor (9), a voltage transformer (10), a high-voltage circuit breaker (11), a battery (12), a second filter capacitor (13), a second protection resistor (14), a current transformer (15), a signal processing circuit (16), a DSP (17), a signal amplification circuit (18), a display screen (19), an indicating lamp (20), a buzzer (21), an operation panel (22), a printer module (23), a grounding terminal (24), a boosting transformer (25), a control switch (26), a switch driver (27), a signal processing circuit (28) and a signal conversion circuit (29). The system has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, short response time and high test precision and the like, and provides data basis for evaluating insulation state of the high-voltage circuit breaker and fault diagnosis.