The invention discloses a high-speed data transmission device based on an asynchronous clock. The high-speed data transmission device comprises a control unit, a sending unit, a sending RAM unit, a receiving RAM unit, a signal conversion unit, a clock unit, a summation output unit and a plurality of data recovery units and communication channels. The invention further discloses a high-speed data transmission method. By means of the method disclosed by the invention, high-speed data can be reliably recovered; furthermore, the baud rate can be flexibly adjusted according to devices; and the adaptation is high.