The invention discloses a real-name verification method and system, and a mobile terminal. The method comprises the following steps of: sending a real-name verification request of an application program to an SIM card, wherein the real-name verification request comprises an application program identifier; receiving a first comparison result sent by the SIM card, wherein the first comparison result is obtained by comparison of fingerprint information provided by the SIM card and pre-stored fingerprint information by an operator background system; receiving a second comparison result sent by the operator background system, wherein the second comparison result is obtained by comparison of a received SIM card identifier and an inquired SIM card identifier corresponding to the application program identifier by the operator background system; inquiring whether both the first comparison result and the second comparison result are same or not; if yes, determining that real-name verification is successful; and otherwise, determining that real-name verification is failed. By means of the scheme disclosed by the invention, effective real-time verification is realized; and furthermore, the economic risk of users carelessly leaking personal information can be avoided.