The invention provides a file storage device which is characterized in that a moving component is configured for each file cabinet, and the file cabinet is moved through the moving component so as to be in a storage state or a viewing state. Only when the file storage surface of the file cabinet in which files to be viewed are stored is in a non-shielding state, and the file cabinet in which the files to be viewed are not stored is in a storage state, that is, the file storage surface of the file cabinet is shielded by a closed cabinet body of a former file cabinet or a preset shielding device, and a borrower cannot view the stored files, so that the information disclosure can be effectively avoided.