The invention relates to a method for separating and enriching tellurium from a tellurium-containing solution. The method comprises the following steps: directly adding a copper-containing compound into the tellurium-containing solution; or adding a chlorine-containing compound to regulate the Cl concentration of the solution to be more than or equal to 0.05g/L, and then adding the copper-containing compound; or adding acid to acidize the solution until the pH value of the solution is less than or equal to 5.5, and then adding the copper-containing compound; or adding acid to acidize the solution until the pH value of the solution is less than or equal to 5.5, adding the chlorine-containing compound to regulate the Cl concentration of the solution to be more than or equal to 0.05g/L, and then adding the copper-containing compound; and after the Cu<2+> concentration in the solution is more than or equal to 0.1g/L, adding a reducing agent so as to precipitate tellurium out, and filtering to obtain tellurium enriched residue containing Cu2Te, wherein the tellurium enriched residue is used as a production raw material of tellurium. The method has the advantages of simple process, simplicity and convenience in operation, economy, high efficiency, high tellurium recovery rate, low production cost, good working environment and the like. The method is applicable to industrial application and is particularly applicable to the separation and enrichment of tellurium in a dilute solution with Te concentration below 1g/L.