The invention relates to a gas distribution adjusting structure and method for a coke oven regenerative chamber; the gas distribution adjusting structure comprises support bricks and crossing bricks arranged at the tops of small flue lining bricks and at the bottoms of lattice bricks; the support bricks and the crossing bricks are spaced, the support bricks are built in adjacency to a regenerative chamber main wall/regenerative chamber single wall along a small flue, the crossing bricks cross the top of the small flue, two ends of the crossing bricks are rested at the tops of the small flue lining bricks respectively, the top of each crossing brick is provided with a cavity, and the parts of a regenerative chamber seal wall corresponding to the gas distribution adjusting structure are provided with through holes sealed through seal wall hole plugs. The gas distribution adjusting structure is provided in a regenerative chamber, a gas adjusting plate may be further provided for adjustment, precise adjustment is achieved for the quantity of lean gas or air for coke oven heating, and lengthwise temperature distribution uniformity of a combustion chamber is improved; compared with adjusting methods using adjusting bricks, the gas distribution adjusting structure and method are simpler in structure, more convenient to perform and cleaner, and can also provide enhanced oven body strength.