The invention discloses a small-size deep foundation pit supporting structure for pipe jacking construction. The supporting structure is constructed through the steps that firstly, bored perfusion pile rows are constructed around the determined foundation pit position, a high-pressure jet grouting pile row is constructed in a gap formed between every two adjacent bored perfusion pile rows, a side slope is excavated from the ground, an annular crown beam is poured on the tops of the bored perfusion pile rows, asphalt felt is laid between the crown beam and pile bodies, and then a brick wall is built on the top of the crown beam; secondly, a foundation pit is excavated after the crown beam reaches the required strength, and after the foundation building surface meets the construction requirement, the side wall of the foundation pit and an inner lining (the position where a jacking pipe is arranged in a penetrating mode is reserved) of a bottom plate are poured with reinforced concrete; lastly, opening treatment is conducted on the jacking pipe, a second-stage reinforced concrete layer is built on the dismantling face, and after the later-period pipe jacking construction requirements are met, overall supporting structure construction is completed. According to the small-size deep foundation pit supporting structure for pipe jacking construction, a conventional cantilever pile supporting method is broken through, and the supporting structure arranged in the foundation pit in a finite space meets the supporting requirement of a surrounding complex environment; meanwhile, by combining the construction characteristics of pipe jacking construction, basic guarantee conditions are provided for normal and safe construction of pipe jacking engineering.