The invention provides a post support and equipment system for a non-roadway non-coal-pillar self-retained roadway mining construction method. The post support and equipment system are used in the non-roadway non-coal-pillar self-retained roadway mining construction method. The post support is arranged in a retained roadway area for supporting and comprises a base, a top beam and supporting columns. The base is located on the lower side. The top beam supports top rock from the top. The supporting columns are telescopically arranged between the base and the top beam for supporting. The post support is provided with lateral supporting structures. An anchor open groove is reserved in the middle of the top beam. At least four sets of post supports are provided, the post supports in the front are the roof cutting supports, and post supports behind are the waste rock blocking supports. At least two supports are arranged at each position, wherein the two supports cooperate with each other to move forward in a walking mode, and when one support moves forward, the other support needs to laterally support a waste block blocking plate. By adoption of the post support and equipment system, the functions of roof cutting, waste rock blocking, grouted anchor driving, grouting and the like behind a working face are achieved, smooth caving of a top plate is achieved, the strength and stability of a goaf roadside are further improved through grouting, and a good roadway forming effect is achieved.