The invention provides a compression and recovery air pump. The compression and recovery air pump comprises a pump shell and a pump core. The pump core comprises a mandrel which is a hollow mandrel, a return air inlet is formed in the front end of the mandrel, a return air outlet is formed in the rear end of the mandrel, and turbine type blades or screw type spiral wheels are arranged on the mandrel. The pump shell comprises a shell body and a cover plate. The cover plate is fixedly connected with the shell. A compressed air inlet is formed in the cover plate. The rear end of the shell is provided with a compressed air outlet and an air delivery pipe I. The rear end of the pump core is connected with the shell in an assembled mode through a bearing I. The compressed air outlet and the return air outlet communicate with the air delivery pipe I. The front end of the pump core is connected with the cover plate in an assembled mode through a bearing II. A gear or a belt wheel is mounted at the front end of the pump core. By adoption of the compression and recovery air pump, recovery and circulation of waste gas of an existing pneumatic tool can be effectively achieved, energy is saved, and the cost of compressed gas can be reduced.