The invention discloses a wafer clamping device based on a quartz crystal microbalance, and relates to the technical field of quartz crystal microbalance clamping. The device comprises a pedestal and a boss which is disposed on the pedestal in a bulged manner. The boss is provided with a clamping assembly, and the clamping assembly comprises a fixe groove which is disposed on the boss, a positioning platform which is vertically disposed on the boss, and an elastic probe which is disposed on the boss in an inclined manner. The top of the positioning platform is provided with an opening, and the clamping is achieved through the fixing effect of the fixed groove, the vertical positioning effect of the positioning platform, and the clamping effect of the elastic probe. The device enables the clamping and disassembly of a quartz crystal wafer to be more convenient and quicker through vertically setting the quartz crystal wafer and combining with the positioning platform, the fixed groove and the inclined elastic probe, and a clamping structure is simpler, thereby avoiding the impact on a detection environment from excessive structural changes.