The invention provides a data acquisition and control system for a steam drive mining method. The data acquisition and control system comprises: test devices disposed between a gas injection well and a water pump and between a production well and the water pump for collecting data of the gas injection well and the production well; a first regulating valve disposed between the test device on a gas injection well line and the water pump and used for adjusting the flow rate of the production well outlet; a second regulating valve disposed between the test device on a production well line and the water pump and used for adjusting the flow rate of the gas injection well outlet; a PLC control box connected with the test devices, the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve and used for receiving water injection data, converting the water injection data into the display data, and controlling the opening degree of the first regulating valve and the opening degree of the second regulating valve. The opening degree of the first regulating valve and the opening degree of the second regulating valve are controlled by the PLC control box to realize the effective regulation of the water injection data during the water injection of the production well and the gas injection well.