The invention provides an overhead transmission line patrol vehicle and a power transmission line patrol system, and belongs to the electrician field. The overhead transmission line patrol vehicle comprises an overhead guide rail, a remote control dolly arranged on the guide rail and a plurality of remote cameras arranged outside the remote control dolly. A first half vehicle body is provided with a first end surface; a second half vehicle body is provided with a second end surface; the first end surface is provided with a first slide groove; the second end surface is provided with a second slide groove; the outer side of the first half vehicle body is provided with two installation plates; the two installation plates are arranged at the two ends of the first slide groove respectively; each installation plate is provided with a steel brush; and the steel brush is arranged on one side, facing to the second end surface, of the installation plate. The power transmission line patrol system comprises a plurality of overhead transmission line patrol vehicles and a plurality of tower bases. The provided overhead transmission line patrol vehicle and system can realize intelligent detection control and remote monitoring of the overhead transmission lines from a plurality of angles, monitoring is convenient and fast and work efficiency is improved.