The invention belongs to the field of power distribution network construction, and particularly relates to a lightning shielding method for a 10-KV power distribution overhead line. The method comprises the steps that 1, information of the 10-KV power distribution overhead line is collected, wherein the information of the power distribution line comprises the height of pole towers, the distance among the pole towers, the height of a lightning wire, the installing positions of lightning arresters and the insulation level of the line; 2, a related model is established and a line comprising 7 bases of pole towers is constructed by means of PSCAD and EMTDC according to the collected information of the 10-KV power distribution overhead line; 3, the flashover frequencies on the two sides of the line are calculated; 4, an influence of the height of the pole towers on the lightning trip-out rate and an influence of the line insulation level on the lightning trip-out rate are calculated according to the line flashover frequencies, and then the pole towers with the appropriate height and insulators are selected. Accordingly, the purpose of achieving the optimum lightning shielding effect at the lowest cost is achieved, and the method is easy to operate, can be operated by all technical staff in the field and is suitable for large-scale usage and popularization.