The invention relates to a microgrid power balance method and apparatus based on comprehensive utilization of a supercapacitor and a storage battery. The microgrid power balance method comprises the steps of monitoring a current value and a system frequency of each load node in the microgrid in real time; if any one phase of current of any one load node is increased suddenly and the system frequency is smaller than a set value, calculating power vacancy Em, and determining a discharging strategy for the supercapacitor and the storage battery according to the power vacancy Em and the discharge capacity of the supercapacitor; and if any one phase of current of any one load node is decreased suddenly and the system frequency is greater than the set value, determining a charging strategy for the supercapacitor and the storage battery according to the electric quantity condition of the supercapacitor. By adoption of the method, internal voltage and power balance of the microgrid can be effectively maintained and safe and stable operation of the microgrid can be realized.